To check if a smartphone (your own or with explicit permission) and its apps correctly validate certificates and or read the unencrypted communication if it doesn’t mitmproxydoes a great job.
In this very short video I demonstrate how mitmproxy allows to easily become man in the middle using its wireguard mode. Just start mitmproxy --mode wireguard. A browser window will open, scan the QR Code with the wireguard app on your phone and open the connection. All data will be relayed through your PC and mitmproxy will do its thing.
Depending on how good the apps on your phone are they should not open connections to servers with:
invalid (untrusted) certificates
valid certificates for the wrong domain (you can try that with a valid letsencrypt certificate you create for this purpose)
revoked certificates
expired certificates
low security or no encryption
You can also import a generated certificate authority to your phone and see which connections are then trusted.
In the video only the very minimal basic usage is showed.
The web page that displays the QR code also lists connection and allows some interactions.